Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a procedure performed to relieve chronic knee pain and restore joint function when other treatments, such as medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes, have failed. It is commonly recommended for patients with severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or knee injuries that cause ongoing pain, swelling, and difficulty in movement.

During the procedure, the damaged cartilage and bone are removed from the knee joint and replaced with artificial implants made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. The surgery can be either a total knee replacement (TKR), where the entire joint is replaced, or a partial knee replacement (PKR), where only the damaged part is replaced, preserving more of the natural joint.

The surgery typically takes 1 to 2 hours under general or spinal anesthesia. After the procedure, physical therapy begins within 24 to 48 hours to help regain strength, flexibility, and mobility. Most patients can walk with assistance within a day or two and return to light activities in about 6 to 8 weeks. Full recovery can take 3 to 6 months. Knee replacement surgery significantly reduces pain and improves mobility, allowing patients to lead more active and comfortable lives.

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